Which equipment is essential for early warning of risk of collision?

A radar system plays a crucial role in the early warning of collision risks because it provides real-time information about the surrounding environment, including the position, course, and speed of other vessels and objects. Unlike visual aids, which depend on visibility and the observer's skill in interpreting what they see, radar functions effectively in various weather conditions and at night, making it a reliable tool for maintaining situational awareness.

Navigational charts, while important for broader understanding of the waterway, do not offer immediate information about nearby vessels or imminent collision risks. They provide geographical and depth information, which is vital for planning routes but not for detecting immediate dangers.

Visual aids, relying solely on sight, are also limited by factors such as nighttime, fog, or heavy rain, which can significantly hinder a mariner's ability to see other vessels.

Automatic identification systems (AIS) enhance situational awareness by sharing vessel information; however, they do not provide the same immediate detection capabilities that a radar system does, particularly in scenarios where AIS data could be missing or delayed.

Thus, a radar system is essential for early warning of collision risks, providing continuous tracking of other vessels and enabling timely evasive action.