What is the proper protocol for taking action to avoid a collision?

The proper protocol for taking action to avoid a collision is to ensure that actions are taken in accordance with applicable rules and good seamanship. This principle is deeply embedded in the COLREGs and emphasizes the importance of following established regulations designed to maintain safety at sea.

The applicable rules provide clear guidance on the conduct of vessels to prevent collisions, such as maintaining appropriate lookout, safe speed, and the correct navigation lights and shapes, depending on a vessel's status (e.g., underway, at anchor). Good seamanship involves not only adhering to these rules but also exercising caution, sound judgment, and making prudent decisions that consider the unique circumstances encountered on the water.

This comprehensive approach ensures that all vessels follow best practices, contributing to overall maritime safety and reducing the risk of accidents. The other choices may suggest oversimplified or reckless approaches to collision avoidance that do not comply with the structured framework intended to promote safe navigation.