In a head-on situation, what is the action that both vessels must take?

In a head-on situation, the correct action for both vessels is to alter course to starboard. This directive is grounded in the COLREGs, specifically Rule 14, which addresses the scenario where two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses. The rule states that each vessel shall alter their course to starboard to pass on the port side of the other vessel. This maneuver promotes a clear and safe passage for both vessels, reducing the risk of collision by ensuring that they diverge to the right.

In navigating a head-on encounter, altering to starboard provides a systematic and standardized approach that is recognized internationally, effectively reducing confusion between the vessels involved. This action is essential for maintaining safe distances and establishing a clear line of sight, especially in limited visibility conditions or congested waters.