How should alterations to course or speed be made to avoid collision?

Making large alterations in course or speed that are readily apparent to other vessels is the most effective approach to avoid collision. When navigating in waters where there is a potential for close encounters with other vessels, clear and decisive actions are essential for safety. Large adjustments provide a clear indication of intent to other mariners, reducing the chances of misunderstandings or misinterpretations of your movements.

Effective communication of your intentions through noticeable maneuvers helps ensure that all vessels involved are aware of the changes being made, enabling them to make necessary adjustments themselves. This is crucial in busy shipping lanes or when navigating around other craft, as it establishes a mutual understanding of movements on the water.

In contrast, minimal adjustments, subtle changes, or insignificant alterations could lead to ambiguous signals and potential confusion among nearby vessels, ultimately increasing the risk of collision. These less noticeable actions do not adequately communicate the vessel's maneuvers and intentions, which is vital for maintaining situational awareness and ensuring safe passage for all maritime traffic.