How does Rule 12 distinguish between vessels' responsibilities in crossing situations?

Rule 12 of the COLREGs addresses the responsibilities of vessels when they are crossing each other's paths. This rule specifically differentiates the actions required from different types of vessels based on their respective navigation scenarios, identifying which vessel must give way and which vessel has the right of way.

In crossing situations, Rule 12 defines the responsibilities for both power-driven and sailing vessels, indicating that a power-driven vessel must give way to a sailing vessel when both are approaching each other at a crossing angle. Conversely, if both vessels are sailing, the vessel on the port side (the one that has the other boat to its left) must give way. This distinction is crucial as it properly allocates responsibilities depending on the type of vessel and their current actions, ensuring safe navigation and reducing the possibility of collisions.

The other possible answers do not accurately reflect the intent of Rule 12. While penalties for non-compliance and specific traffic lanes can relate to maritime navigation safety, they do not pertain to the specific rules of responsibility for crossing situations as outlined in Rule 12. The requirement for vessels to slow down is not a standard for crossing situations but rather a broader safe navigation principle. Thus, the correct answer highlights the essential component of how Rule 12 delineates